Publication
Erik B. Oleson and Joseph F. Cheer. On the role of subsecond dopamine release in conditioned avoidance. Frontiers in Neuroscience 7:96 (2013). [21]
Site summary — not the original abstract
This 2013 review connects historical avoidance theories with subsecond dopamine findings, including rat experiments in which warning-cue dopamine differed between avoidance and escape and dopamine rose during subsequent safety periods. [21]
Oleson and Cheer proposed a four-factor account in which a warning cue can come to predict successful avoidance; they explicitly identified further longitudinal work and causal tests as needed, rather than presenting every component as established. [21]
The article is a theoretical synthesis, not an independent canine training trial or evidence that a warning-and-correction sequence produces fear-free learning. [21]
Responses