Sinus Bradycardia in Dogs
Sinus bradycardia (SB) is indicated by a slower-than-normal rate of impulses in the sinus node. Also called the sinoatrial node (SAN), the sinus node initiates the electrical impulses within the heart, triggering the heart to beat or contract. In most instances, slow sinus electrical impulses is benign and may even be beneficial; however, it can also cause loss of consciousness if it is brought about by an underlying disease that disrupts the cardiac autonomic nerves, which act as the heart's control system.
SB is fairly common in dogs, especially in cocker spaniels, dachshunds, pugs, West Highland white terriers, and female miniature schnauzers. In addition, this condition is more common in young dogs than old, with the incidence decreasing with age, unless it is being caused by an underlying disease.
Symptoms and Types
Your dog may display no symptoms if it very active or engaging in athletic training. Typically, the sinus bradycardia (heartbeat slower than 60 beats per minute, although depends on the animal's environment and size) is most apparent when your dog is at rest. Some other common symptoms associated with sinus bradycardia include:
- Lethargy
- Seizures
- Exercise intolerance
- Loss of consciousness
- Episodic muscle incoordination (ataxia)
- Excessively slow breathing (hypoventilation), especially under anesthesia
Causes
- Athletic conditioning (this is not uncommon in athletic dogs)
- Hypothermia
- Intubation
- Oversedation
- Sleep
- Underlying disease(s); e.g., respiratory, neurologic, and gastronintestinal diseases
Diagnosis
Your veterinarian will perform a thorough physical exam on your dog, taking into account the background history of symptoms, your dog's overall condition, and possible incidents that might have led to this condition.
A complete blood profile will be conducted, including a chemical blood profile, a complete blood count, and a urinalysis -- the results of which may indicate the presence of substances that might be causing a slowed heart rate. These tests will also reveal deficiencies in the blood if that is the underlying cause. They also may offer clues to possible kidney failure. Your doctor can also use X-rays and ultrasound to visually examine your dog's internal organs for abnormalities in the heart, kidney and other organs. An electrocardiogram (EKG) recording can be used to examine the electrical currents in the heart muscles, and may reveal any abnormalities in cardiac electrical conduction, which underlies the heart’s ability to contract and beat. An initial 24-hour heart monitoring may be indicated to conclude a diagnosis.
sinoatrial node
A lump of tissue inside the right atrium; it helps to regulate the beat of the heart
sinus
A cavity within a bone; may also indicate a flow or channel
urinalysis
An in-depth examination of the properties of urine; used to determine the presence or absence of illness
prognosis
The prediction of a disease’s outcome in advance
electrocardiogram
A record of the activity of the myocardium
benign
Not being able to cause harm; the opposite of malignant.
bradycardia
A particularly slow beating heart.
ataxia
A medical condition in which an animal is unable to control the movements of their muscles; may result in collapse or stumbling.
