There are generally four universally recognized stages of learning that describe the progression a dog goes through while acquiring, refining, and mastering new skills or behaviors. Here’s a breakdown of each stage:

1. Acquisition Stage - In FSDT (Foundation Style Dog Training), this is represented in phase 1:

• Description: This is the initial phase of learning where the dog is first exposed to a new command or behavior. The focus is on introducing the behavior and associating it with a cue (like a command or hand signal).
• Training Focus: Use clear, consistent cues and immediate, generous reinforcement to help the dog understand what is being asked. Repetition is key in this stage to help solidify the association between the cue and the behavior.
• Example: Teaching a dog to sit by using the command "Sit" and rewarding with a treat when the dog performs the behavior.

2. Fluency Stage - In FSDT, this is represented in phases 2 and 3:

• Description: Fluency is achieved when a dog can perform the behavior reliably under different conditions. The dog begins to respond more quickly and with greater confidence.
• Training Focus: Gradually increase the complexity by adding variations like longer durations, new locations, and higher levels of distraction. Start to delay rewards to strengthen the behavior.
• Example: Practicing the "Sit" command in a park with distractions, increasing the time the dog remains sitting before receiving a reward.

3. Generalization Stage - In FSDT, this is represented in phase 4

• Description: Generalization occurs when a dog can perform the behavior under various conditions and recognizes that the command applies regardless of the setting or context.
• Training Focus: Practice the behavior in multiple environments with different levels of distractions. Reinforce the behavior whenever and wherever it’s performed correctly to ensure consistency across situations.
• Example: Asking the dog to "Sit" in different places—like at a friend’s house, during a walk, or in a busy public area—and ensuring the command is obeyed.

4. Maintenance Stage - In FSDT, this is also represented in phase 4

• Description: This final stage involves keeping the learned behavior strong and consistent over time. The behavior should be well-established and performed reliably.
• Training Focus: Continue to reinforce the behavior intermittently to keep it strong. Regular practice is essential, even when the behavior seems fully learned, to prevent regression.
• Example: Periodically revisiting the "Sit" command throughout the dog’s life, using varying reinforcement schedules to ensure the dog reliably responds every time.

Understand the stages of learning in dog training provides a structured approach to teaching and reinforcing behaviors comprehensively and effectively. It ensures that skills are not only taught but also maintained over the dog’s lifetime, facilitating a well-behaved and responsive canine companion.